Page 1 of 7

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

e-ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 02 Issue 4

April 2016

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 42

A Review on solid waste Management of Patiala: A Survey

Paramjeet Kaur, Prabhddep Kaur

Email: paramjeetkaur92@gmail.com, prabh.kaur18@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Solid Wastes are discarded materials

disposed of by man, which can neither

flow into streams nor escape immediately

into the atmosphere Depending upon their

origin, the wastes could be classified

under four heads namely agricultural

wastes, domestic wastes, municipal wastes

and industrial waste.the process to

diminish these wastes is known as solid

waste reduction.The solid waste reduction

depend upon 3R theories(recycle ,reduce

and reuse .

A. Introduction

Municipal solid waste (MSW) refers to the

materials discarded in the urban areas for

which municipalities are usually held

responsible for collection, transport and

final disposal. MSW encompasses

household refuse, institutional wastes,

street sweepings, commercial wastes, as

well as construction and demolition debris.

In developing countries, MSW also

contains varying amounts of industrial

wastes from small industries,as well as

dead animals, and fecal matter. Municipal

solid waste management (MSWM)

encompasses planning, engineering,

organization, administration, financial and

legal aspects of activities associated with

generation, storage, collection, transfer and

transport, processing and disposal of

municipal solid wastes (household garbage

and rubbish, street sweepings, construction

debris, sanitation residues etc.) in an

environmentally compatible manner

adopting principles of economy,

aesthetics, energy and conservation

(Tchobanoglous et al, 1993). The

explosion in urban population is changing

the nature of solid waste management in

developing countries from mainly a low

priority, localized issue to an

internationally pervasive social problem.

India, the world’s second highest

populated country with population

exceeding a billion and one of the fastest

urbanizing countries, is land of physical,

climatic, geographic, ecological, social,

cultural and linguistic diversity. The

annual rate of growth of urban population

in India is 3.09%. The proportion of

population living in urban areas has

increased from 17.35% in 1951 to 26.15%

in 1991(CPCB, 1999). It is interesting to

note that as much as 65.2% of the urban

population is living in these Class I cities.

India has achieved multifaceted socio

economic progress during the last 55 years

of its independence. However, in spite of

heavy expenditure by the Civic bodies, the

present level of service in many urban

areas is so low that there is a threat to the

public health in particular and the

environmental quality in general (Supreme

Court Committee Report, 1999).

Management of Municipal Solid Wastes

(MSW) continues to remain one of the

most neglected areas of urban

development in India.

1.1 Solid Waste (SW)

Solid Wastes are unwanted materials

disposed of by man, which can neither

flow into streams nor escape immediately

into the atmosphere. These non-gaseous

and non-liquid residues result from various

human activities. These cause pollution in

water, soil and air. Waste is an

unavoidable consequence of satisfying

Page 2 of 7

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

e-ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 02 Issue 4

April 2016

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 43

man’s needs for food,water, air, space,

shelter and mobility. In any material

process, by product recovery or recycling

can substantially alter waste quantity and

quality, but all processes eventually

produce some waste. Though generation of

SW is not a new phenomenon, it has

acquired a danger status of being “third

pollution” after air pollution and water

pollution with progress in industrialization

and population explosion. Earlier the

major constituents of SW were domestic

wastes and agricultural residues which are

both biodegradable. Since there was much

fallow land, SW could be conveniently

disposed of on ground or in pits covered

with layers of earth. However, since

1960s, not only has the quantity of SW

increased but its quality has also changed.

Though rural wastes continue to be mainly

made of domestic and agricultural wastes,

wastes from urban areas and the industrial

units contain diverse types of materials

which include toxic and hazardous

materials.

A. Agricultural Wastes

In India, the main sources of agricultural

wastes are wheat straw, paddy straw,maize

straw, sugarcane trash, rice and wheat

bran, maize cobs, left over from pulses

etc.There has been a great increase in the

generation of crop residues and allied

wastes. The total production of agro- residues and by products during 1985 was

estimated to be 320 million tones.

B. Industrial Wastes

Huge amount of industrial SW are usually

produced by different industries. The

estimated SW of industrial origin

contribute only 10% of the total wastes

generated, the bulk is liquid

C. Domestic and Municipal Wastes

There are different sources of the

Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW):n

domestic, market community facilities etc.

The amount of MSW generated is

dependent on the public- habits which can

vary from country to country an even

among towns e.g. the per capita production

of MSW is much greater in the USA in

comparison to other Western countries as

well as Asian countries. In India, per

capita MSW production in metropolitan

cities is significantly high in comparison to

the towns and villages

Solid Wastes Produced

by Human Activities

Example of wastes

liberated

Agricultural Plant remains,

processing

wastes, animal

wastes

Domestic Garbage, rubbish,

wastes produced at

home from cooking

etc

Municipal Street sweepings,

wastes from schools,

offices and other

institutions

Industrial Wastes

produced by

mining

operations,

manufacturing

and

construction

works

Table 1 Solid Wastes Produced by Human

Activities and Examples

1.2 Classification of Solid Wastes:

a) Garbage: decomposable wastes

from food, slaughterhouses,

canning, and freezing industries.

b) Rubbish: Non-putrescible wastes,

either combustible or non

combustible. Combustible wastes

would include paper, wood, cloth,

rubber, leather, and garden wastes.

Non-combustibles would include

metals, glass, ceramics, stones, dirt,

masonry and some chemicals.

Page 3 of 7

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

e-ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 02 Issue 4

April 2016

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 44

c) Ashes : Residues (such as cinders

and fly ash) of the combustion

of solid fuels for heating and

cooking or the incineration of

SW by municipal, industrial

and apartment house

incinerators.

d) Large Wastes: Demolition and

construction rubble (pipes,

plumber, masonry, brick, plastic,

roofing and insulating material),

automobiles,furniture,refrigerator

and other home appliances, trees,

tires etc.

e) Dead animals: Household pets,

birds, rodents, zoo animals, etc.

there are also anatomical and

pathological wastes from

hospitals.

f) Sewage Treatment Process

Solids: screening, settled solids,

sludge.

g) Industrial Solid Wastes:

Chemicals, paints, sand, explosives

etc.

h) Mining Wastes: ‘Tailings’, slag

heaps, culm piles at coal mines etc.

i) Agricultural Wastes: Farm

animal manure, crop residues etc.

2. Solid Waste Management (SWM):

Rotting organic refuse is not only

aesthetically unpleasant but attracts

predators, and carried by these, bacteria

thrive in warm, moist, rotting garbage

smalaria, viral fever (dengue), plague etc.

The incident of plague in Oct, 1994 in

Surat city pressed everyone to think over

SW problem. If this problem is not tackled

within preventive time, it may create other

dreadful, hazardous and incurable

problems. The proper disposal of SW

derived from any source is dependent on

management practices. A management

system must be developed and described

that incorporates many diverse factors.

Those factors considered may include,

engineering, land use ordinances,

environmental regulations, geography and

sociology.

Fig 1 Solid Waste management System

SWM involves interplay of six functional

elements- generation of wastes, storage,

collection, transfer and transport,

processing, recovery and disposal in a

manner that is in accord with the best

principles of public health, economics,

engineering, conservation, aesthetics and

other environment considerations and that

also is responsive to public attitude. Over

90% of SW is disposed of in landfill sites.

Sanitary landfilling is the main method

used in the West but crude dumping is

very common in developing countries.

Landfilling leads to contamination of

ground water eventually Source Collection

and transport Processing and Utilization

Disposal because of leachates. Many

countries will have to suffer from existing

landfillling practice in the near future. By

2010, almost all of England will be

suffering from a landfill shortage. Another

widely used method of disposal is

incineration but it often results in air

pollution and thus loses out preference.

The commonest method adopted in India

is dumping- either in ponds or on land. A

practice of Collection, Transport and

Disposal (CTD) is followed by

municipalities. SW is stored till a sizable