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Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 05
May 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 19
A Review on Materials, Method and Results
for Metal Removal from Liquid Effluent
Shaik Jani
janudotcom@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent is major part of research carried
out by researchers to improve the environment and protect human population from adverse
effects of industrialization. Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Lead are few of the major heavy metal
which finds application in pharmaceutical, paint, catalyst, piping, battery, insecticides and many
other industries. Various physical, chemical and biological methods can be used for their
removal. Selection of suitable treatment method depends on the concentration of effluent,
composition of effluent, available resources, desired final concentration and end use of effluent,
disposal method and economic viability. Groundnut husk (GH) and Rice husk (RH) were used as
adsorbents to remove Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu (II), Ni and Pb2+ ions from industrial wastewater.
Continuous adsorption experiment was conducted to examine the effect of adsorbent mass, pH,
temperature and adsorbent combination on adsorption of Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu (II), Ni and Pb2+
from industrial wastewater. The results showed that the adsorption of the metal ions was
adsorbent mass, pH, and temperature dependent. The present review is aimed at summarizing
various methods used for the removal of these metal ions with respect to methodology,
effectiveness and affecting parameters.
Keywords: Adsorption; Isotherm; Adsorbents; pH; concentration.
INTRODUCTION
Waste water from numerous industries such
as paints and pigments, glass production,
mining operations, metal plating, fertilizer
and battery manufacturing processes are
known to contain contaminants such as
heavy metal [1]. Industrial waste water
contains heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr,
Ni, Zn, Cu and Fe, these heavy metals are
not biodegradable and their existence in
receiving lakes and streams causes
bioaccumulation in living organisms, which
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Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 05
May 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 20
leads to several health problems in animals,
plants and human beings such as cancer,
kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, oral
ulcer, renal failure. As a result of the degree
of the problems caused by heavy metals
pollution, removal of heavy metals from
wastewater is important [2]. Investigation
into new and cheap methods of metal ions
removal has been on the increase lately.
Recently efforts have been made to use
cheap and available agricultural wastes such
as coconut shell, orange peel, rice husk,
peanut husk and sawdust as adsorbents to
remove heavy metals from wastewater [1].
There are various techniques available for
the removal of heavy metals, such as
precipitation, membrane filtration, ion
exchange, sorptive flotation and adsorption
[2]. Biosorption is a physiochemical process
that occurs naturally in certain biomass
which allows it to passively concentrate and
bind contaminants onto its cellular structure
[3]. Though using biomass in environmental
cleanup has been in practice for a while,
scientists and engineers are hoping this
phenomenon will provide an economical
alternative for removing toxic heavy metals
from industrial wastewater and aid in
environmental remediation. Rice hulls are
the coatings of seeds, or grains of rice to
protect the seed during the growing season,
the husk is formed from hard materials,
including opaline silica and lignin.
Groundnut husk is an agricultural based
waste material commonly called groundnut
husk, peanut hulls, groundnut shells, peanut
shells. Belongs to the specie
ArachishypogaeaL. and these materials have
the potential to sequester metals from
solutions [4,5]. The study has been done on
the research that was carried out from
January 2015-April 2015 at the Department
of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria, Kaduna State and focused on
investigating the potential of rice husk and
groundnut husk agro waste in biosorption of
heavy metals from fertilizer industrial
wastewater.
MATERIALS & RELATED WORK
The waste water contains various organic
and inorganic pollutants which need to be
treated [6, 7, 8, 9]. There are various health
problems caused to human being and
environment due to organic matter, heavy
metal and biological material [10, 11, 12].
Various methods are available for removal
of organic matter from wastewater [13,14,
15]. These methods include biological
treatment, adsorption, membrane separation,
chemical treatments etc [16, 17, 18]. Both
short term and long term deceases are
caused to human beings due to these heavy
metals. Various biological methods were
used successfully by investigators for
removal of heavy metals [19, 20].
Adsorption was also investigated by using
various low cost adsorbents [21, 22].To
prepare bio adsorbent for experiment.The
biosorbents used were rice husk and
groundnut husk. also prepare packed bed
bioreactor for adsorption process. The
reactor system used in this study consists of
industrial waste water & packed with a
known amount of powdered rice husk .then
study different effects of various factors like
physical and chemical variables, the
influence of adsorbent mass, pH,
temperature and adsorbent combination.The
present review summarizes the studies
Page 3 of 5
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 05
May 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 21
carried out on the removal of various heavy
metals.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Nzelibe and Ibrahim [23] attained maximum
removal of Mn2+ at 30 g with 92.09%
removal using rice husk powder as
adsorbent.They [23] observed that increase
in adsorbent dosage also increased the
percentage removal of Pb2+ for both
adsorbents. According to them [23] Lead
attained maximum removal at 60 g with
97.35% removal using rice husk powder as
adsorbent. Maximum removal of Zinc (Zn)
was at 60 g with 96.03% removal using
groundnut husk powder. In their study [23]
they observed. The percentage removal of
Mn(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions , increased
with increasing dosage due mainly to an
increase in the number of available
exchangeable active sites for metal ion
sorption [24]. The observed that with
increase in the pH of wastewater, the
percentage removal of metal ions increased
and attained maximum removal for
manganese at pH 6 with 75.62% and pH 5
with 98.82% using rice husk powder and
groundnut husk powder respectively. Lead
had maximum removal at pH 6 with 94.54%
removal with groundnut husk powder as
adsorbent. They [23] found that the removal
of Manganese, Zinc and Lead was favored at
higher temperature. Kanawade and Gaikwad
used cork powder as Adsorbent for removal
of zinc from the wastewater [25]. According
to them adsorption is one of the cost
effective and efficient way to remove zinc
from wastewater. They used electroplating
effluent cellulose(Na-CMC). They observed
that the removal process was characterized
by less energy, high selectivity and fast rate
for the treatment with cork powder.
According to them At low pH values, a large
number of the H3O+ groups occupy the
positions, which prevent the target zinc ions
from form complexes with Sodium
carboxymethyl. Ghorbani et.al.sed
polyanilinenano composite coated on rice
husk for removal of zinc ions from aqueous
solution[26]. They found that the optimum
conditions for zinc removal by this methods
were pH value of 3, adsorbent dosage of 10
g/L and equilibrium time of 20 minutes.
Also it was observed that the equilibrium
adsorption isotherm was better described by
Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.
CONCLUSION
There are various factors on which removal
of Mn(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Zn and Pb(II) ions
from aqueous solutions are dependent.
These factors are Biosorption process like
pH, Temperature and biosorbent dose. The
equilibrium data collected were analysed
using the Freundlich and Langmuir
isotherms. RH and GH can be treated as an
alternative adsorbent for treatment of waste
water containing Mn(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Zn
and Pb(II) ions because of the fact that these
are easily available and has an considerable
high biosorption capacity. The increase in
removal can be done by chemical treatments
like coagulation and flocculation along with
primary treatments. It can be concluded that
adsorption and biosorption techniques are
most widely investigated methods because
of cost, efficiency, flexibility and simplicity.
REFERENCES
[1]. Abia AA, Igwe JC (2005), Sorption
kinetics and intraparticulate diffusivities of
