Page 1 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 04
April 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 2336
dchj dkO; e sa lkEçnkf;drk dh leL;k
Jherh e/k q vjksM+k
lg izk/;kid 1⁄4fgUnh foHkkx1⁄2
Jh ykyukFk fgUnw dkWyst] jksgrd 1⁄4gfj;k.kk1⁄2
'kks/k vkys[k lkj& dchj ds fopkj o Hkko ftrus rRdkyhu le; esa çklafxd Fks] mrus gh
vkt ds le; esa Hkh mfpr tku iM+rs gSaA dchj vkt vkSj Hkh vf/kd çklafxd gS vkSj
dchj dy lnk&lnk ds fy, çklafxd gks mBsxk] blesa dksbZ 'kd ughaA dchj dh eqä
psruk ml lkFkZd thou fLFkr;ksa dk ladsr dj jgh gSa tgka vkt dk foew<+ O;fä viuh
,sfrgkfld vkSj ekuoh; Hkwfedk dh [kkst dj ldsA ogh O;fä çklafxd gS] tks bl nqfu;k
dks ekuo dks fQj ykSVk ldsA izLrqr 'kks/k i= esa dchj dkO; esa lkEiznkf;drk dh leL;k
ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA
ewy'kCn& lkEiznkf;drk] foew< O;fDRk] ekuoh; Hkwfedk] izklakfxdrk] ekuoh;] lRlaxfrA
Hkwfedk& dchj e/;;qxhu lar lkfgR; ds çeq[k dfo FksA og vius le; ds tkx:d
fpUrd vkSj fu"i{k vkykspd FksA
dchj dk tUe lu~ 1398 bZå rFkk e`R;q lu 1518 dks gqbZ FkhA mudk tUe dk'kh e sa
gqvk Fkk A dchj tkfr ls tqykgk Fks rFkk tqykgs dk /ka/kk djrs FksA muds firk dk uke
uh: rFkk ekrk dk uke uhek FkkA mudh iRuh dk uke yksbZ Fkk rFkk deky vkSj dekyh
muds Øe'k% iq= vkSj iq=h FksA jkekuUn dchj ds xq: Fks rFkk mUgha ls gh dchj us f'k{kk
xzg.k dh FkhA dchj dh jpukvksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd os fo'ks"k i<+s fy[ks ugha FksA mUgksaus
Page 2 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 04
April 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 2337
ikB'kkyk dh pkjnhokjh esa cSBdj f'k{kk çkIr ugha dh vfirq ç—fr dh fu'Ny ØksM esa
lekt ds lRlaxh fo|ky; esa vius xq: jkekuUn ls f'k{kk xzg.k dh FkhA ijUrq xq: dh
—ik ,oa vk'khZokn ls mudk Kku fdlh Hkh egku Kkuh ls de ugha FkkA dchj us lnSo
lRlaxfr dks egRo fn;k gS rFkk iqLrdh; Kku dks rqPN ekuk gSA ;)fi dchj dk tUe
dk'kh esa gqvk Fkk rFkkfi dk'kh ds vfrfjä mUgksaus o`Unkou] eFkqjk] txUukFkiqjh] >kalh]
ekfudiqj] tkSuiqj] cxnkn] lejdUn vkfn jLFkkuksa dh ;k=k dh FkhA dchj dh ;k=k dks
ns[kus ij ;g fu"d"kZ ljyrk ls fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd mUgksaus vR;f/kd i;ZVu fd;k
gksxkA D;ksafd mudh Hkk"kk esa [kM+h cksyh] iwohZ czt] jktLFkkuh] iatkch] vjch] Qkjlh vkfn
cksfy;ksa ,oa Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCnksa dk çpqj ç;ksx gqvk gSA
dchj yxHkx 120 o"kksaZ rd thfor jgsA mudk le; Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa e/;dky
dk le; dgykrk gSA brus yEch vof/k esa ns'k ij vusd 'kkldksa us 'kklu fd;kA dchj
dh ckY;koLFkk esa rqxyd ckn'kkgksa dk çHkqRo Fkk mUgksaus lu~ 1320 bZ0 ls 1414 bZ0 rd
jkT; fd;kA X;klqíhu rqxyd bl oa'k dk igyk 'kkld FkkA mlds ckn eqgEen rqxyd
rFkk fQjkst rqxyd us Øe'k% ;gk¡ 'kklu fd;kA rqxydksa ds ckn rSewj dk ;gk¡ çHkqRo jgk
rFkk fQj lS;n oa'k dh f[ktz [kksa us 1444 bZå esa uhao MkyhA lS;n oa'k ds ckn 1451 bZ0
esa cgyksy yksnh fnYyh flagklu ij cSBkA bu eqfLye 'kkldksa ds bLykeh 'kklu us
Hkkjrh; tu&thou dks ckgj Hkhrj ls [kks[kyk dj fn;kA ftlls ,d jkT; ls nwljs jkT;
ds chp dHkh u Hkjus okyh ,d xgjh [kkbZ cu xbZA e/;dkyhu lekt fofHkUu /keksZ fofHkUu
oxksaZ ,oa fofHkUu tkfr;ksa esa caV x;kA e/;;qx esa tgk¡ ,d vkSj o.kZ o;oLFkk –< gqbZ ogha
nwljh vkSj mldh ijEijkxr ekU;rkvksa esa Hkh ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZu gq,A oxZ&Hksn dh Hkkouk
us ç/kku :i xzg.k dj fy;kA lk/ku lEiUu rFkk 'kfä'kkyh yksxksa dks lEeku çkIr Fkk]
Page 3 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 04
April 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 2338
mlds foijhr lk/ku ghu euq";ksa dks lEeku ugha fey ikrk FkkA NqvkNr dh Hkkouk tksjksa
ij FkhA mPp oxksaZ esa rks ;g Hkkouk Fkh gh NksVh tkfr;ksa esa Hkh vusd mitkfr;k¡ cu xbZ
FkhA os ,d nwljs dk Nqvk Hkkstu ugha djrh FkhaA 'kqæksa dh rks fLFkfr vR;Ur n;uh; FkhA
mudh Nk;k rd gs; ekuh tkrh FkhA czkgk.kksa ds n'kZu dj ysus ij mUgsa lk"Vkax ç.kke
djuk iMrk FkkA blh çdkj ds Å¡p&uhp dk HksnHkko eqLkyekuksa esa Hkh FkkA muesa Hkh tUe
lEçnk; uLy vkfn ds vk/kkj ij vusd Hksn gks x, FksA ysfdu ,d Hksn ;g Fkk fd
eqLyekuksa dk vkilh HksnHkko dHkh Hkh ml dksfV dk ugha gqvkA ftl dksfV dh fgUnq tkfr
çFkk FkhA tkfr&ikfr rFkk Hksn&Hkko ds dkj.k lekt vKkue;] va/kfo'oklksa dk vU/kdkj
cu x;k FkkA fgUnw vkSj eqfLye nksuksa tkfr;ksa dk esy u gks ldkA lkjs dky esa fgUnqvksa ds
lkFk dBksj O;ogkj fd;k tkrk FkkA jkT; ds mPp inksa ij fgUnqvksa dh fu;qfä ugha dh
tkrh Fkh ,slk dksbZ çek.k ugha feyrk ftlls ;g fl) gks lds fd fdlh fgUnw dks lwcsnkj]
eU=h] lfpo bR;kfn ds egRoiw.kZ in ij fu;qä fd;k x;k gksA bl le; fnYyh lYrur
ds leLr ;qx esa bLyke jkt/keZ jgkA bLyke /keZ dh j{kk djuk ,oa turk esa mldk
çpkj djuk gh lqYrku rFkk mldh ljdkj dk drZO; le>k tkrk FkkA dqjku ds fu;eksa
ds vuqlkj eqfLye 'kkld dk lcls cM+k drZO; iwfrZiwtk dk mYya?ku rFkk ^ftgkn*
1⁄4/keZ;q)1⁄2 djuk FkkA czkã.kksa ij tft;k vkfn dj yxk;s tkrs FksA os euq"; tks eqlyeku
cu tkrs Fks tft;k vkfn dj ls eqä gks tkrs mUgsa ljdkjh ukSdfj;k¡ feyrh rFkk tkxhjsa
çnku dh tkrhA vf/kdrj eqfLye 'kkldksa ds le; esa turk dh lkekU;r;k ;gh n'kk
jghA tks bLyke /keZ dh vkSj u >qdrs mUgsa vyiwoZd ck/; fd;k tkrk fd os bl /keZ dks
viuk,a blfy, cykr /keZ ifjorZu dh ?kVuk,a gksrhA ;|fi eqfjye 'kkldksa us ns'k esa
çy; epk j[kh Fkh fQj Hkh cgqla[;d turk fgUnq cuh jghA ;|fi vius iwoZtksa ds /keZ ij
MVs jgus ds fy, mUgsa Hkkjh ewY; pqdkuk iM+rk FkkA
