Page 1 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1015
Sanitation And Practice Of Using Toilet In Rural Area: A Sociological Study
REENA DEVI
Mphil Scholar
DEPT. OF SOCIOLOGY, M.D.U. ROHTAK
EMAIL:-reenasfi93@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:-
India is a biggest being – India is one of the fastest growing emerging economy but still 67%
rural population country is defecating in the open. According to the Joint Monitoring
Programme (JMP) reports of WHO/UNICEF, 2010 there are 638 million people defecate in
open in India and sanitation coverage in rural areas till 2008 was 21% ( improved sanitation
), 4% ( shared sanitation ), 6% ( unimproved facilities ) and rest 69% defecating in the open.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan came into existence to ensure that each and every citizen of India
should get the access to those basic necessities. Swachh Bharat Mission focus is to improve
sanitation in rural areas, reduce open defecation, management of solid and liquid wastes and
also to ensure construction of toilets in rural areas with an aim to bring an improvement in the
general quality of life, promoting cleanliness and to promote social inclusion by improving
sanitation especially in marginalized communities. The sociological prospective of this study
have importance because low access to sanitation, whilst having disastrous effects on public
health is also causing very adverse impact on environment. The main aim of this study to find
out the awareness about sanitation and practice using of toilets and impact of schemes on it in
rural area. For this study interview schedule is carried out for collecting the primary data in
the the Village Bir Sujra in District Kurukshetra, Haryana. The study found that 63.4 percent
people knew the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, 36.5 percent didn’t know this programme, 96.8
percent have toilet facility and 4.2 percent didn’t have toilet facility in this village.
Keywords:- Population, WHO, Sanitation, Awareness, Exploratory.
Page 2 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1016
INTRODUCTION:-
India is a biggest being – India is one of the fastest growing emerging economy but still 67%
rural population country is defecating in the open. According to the Joint Monitoring
Programme (JMP) reports of WHO/UNICEF, 2010 there are 638 million people defecate in
open in India and sanitation coverage in rural areas till 2008 was 21% ( improved sanitation
), 4% ( shared sanitation ), 6% ( unimproved facilities ) and rest 69% defecating in the open.
India has a population of almost 1.2 billion people. Among this 55% of the population has no
access to toilets. Slum dwellers in major metropolitan cities, reside along railways tracks and
have no access to toilets or a running supply of water. According to Harshal T. Pandve
(2008), most cities and towns in India are characterized by over-crowding, congestion,
inadequate water supply and inadequate facilities of disposal of human excreta, waste water
and solid wastes. Estimated 72% of Indian still lack access to improve sanitation facilities.
Beside this, the 63% of Urban population in India is without proper sanitation. The 11th
five
year plan envisaged 100 percent coverage of urban water, urban sewerage, and rural
sanitation by 2012. Although investment in water supply and sanitation has seen a jump in
the 11th plan over the 10th plan, the targets to not take into account both the quality of water
being provided, or the sustainability of systems being put in places. Thus, the need fulfilling
goods of life, in terms of the material and technological bases, are conspicuous because of the
rarity of their availability, and sanitation has become more ritualistic than realistic (Kumar,
Kar and Jain 2011). In rural areas, the scale of the problem is particularly daunting, as 74%
of rural population still defecates in the open. In this environment cash income is very low
and idea building a facility for disaster in or near the house may not seem natural. The
sanitation landscape in India still littered with 13 million unsanitary bucket latrines, which
requires scavengers to conduct house-to- house excreta collection. Over 7 lakh Indians still
make their living this way. The situation in urban areas is not as critical in terms of scale, but
the sanitation problems in crowded environment are typically more serious and immediate. In
these areas, the main challenge is to ensure safe environmental sanitation. Today, with more
than 20 Indian cities with population of more than 1 million people, including Indian
megacities, such as Kolkata, Mumbai and New Delhi, antiquated sewerage system simply
cannot handle the increased load.
Page 3 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1017
Swachh Bharat Mission was launched on 2nd October 2014 to achieve universal sanitation
coverage and to put focus on safe sanitation. The Mission Coordinator is Secretary, Ministry
of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) with two Sub-Missions, the Swachh Bharat
Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), which aims to achieve
SwachhBharat by 2019, as a fitting tribute to the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma
Gandhi. Swachh Bharat Mission is focus to improve sanitation in rural areas reduce open
defecation, management of solid and liquid wastes and also to ensure construction of toilets
in rural areas, solid & Liquid Waste Management activities and making Gram Panchayats
Open Defecation Free (ODF), clean and sanitised. ODF would mean the termination of
faecal-oral transmission, defined by, a) no visible faeces found in the environment/village
and, b) every household as well as public/community institution(s) using safe technology
option for disposal of faeces.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:-
The main objective of this study is given below:-
1. To study the socio economic background of the respondents.
2. To find out the awareness level of respondents about sanitation and practice using of
toilets.
3. Analyze the impact of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in rural area.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:-
The present study was carried out in the village BirSujra which is situated Kurukshetra
district in state of Haryana. This study is a descriptive and exploratory in its research design.
The main purpose of this study is to describe and explore the Awareness, Education and
Impact of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in rural area. The total population of village is 1395 out of
which 730 male and 665 female. The village has 350 household. Every 5th household
takenfor data collection. Simple stratified random sampling was used for data collection to
the respondents.
