Page 1 of 10
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 839
Applications and Challenges of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
RITU BHARDWAJ* EKTA DUREJA**
Assistant Professors, Faculty of Computer Science,
S.D. (PG) College, Panipat
ABSTRACT
Mobile ad hoc networks are a kind of temporary networks in which nodes are moving without
any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. Ad-hoc network is a collection of nodes
that is connected through a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. The
infrastructure less and the dynamic nature of these networks demands new set of networking
strategies to be implemented in order to provide efficient end-to-end communication. Mobile
ad hoc networks (MANETs) represent complex distributed systems that comprise wireless
mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary
network topologies. People and devices are allowed to seamlessly internetwork in areas with
no pre-existing communication infrastructure, e.g., disaster recovery environments. Routing
in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks is a challenging task due to its frequent changes in topologies.
This paper focuses on study of Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANET’S). This paper also focuses
on the applications and challenges that are imposed by Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANET’S).
Key Words: Challenges, Characteristics, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, Routing protocols,
Security.
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years there is increasing demand on working wireless solutions for connecting to the
Internet, reading and sending E-mail messages, changing information in a meeting and so on.
Wired solutions have been around for a long time but in some disaster situations these wired
solution failed so we need a new network that overcome the flaws in wired networks, such
network known as Ad-Hoc network. Ad-Hoc means “temporarily” which means there is no
permanent network Which means they can be set up anywhere without any need for external
Page 2 of 10
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 840
infrastructure (like wires or base stations). A MANET is an autonomous system which
supports mobile nodes, wireless links for connectivity and without using pre-existing
communication infrastructure. A MANET is similar to or is a self-configuring network that is
formed automatically by a collection of mobile nodes without the help of a fixed
infrastructure or centralized management. Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology
may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. The network is decentralized, where all
network activity including discovering the topology and delivering messages must be
executed by the nodes they, i.e., routing functionality will be incorporated into mobile nodes.
Ad hoc network is a multi-hop wireless network, which consists of number of mobile nodes.
These nodes generate traffic to be forwarded to some other nodes or a group of nodes.
Proposed quality system for detection of uncooperative nodes in ad-hoc network: Cooperation
of Nodes (CON).
2. MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network, also called MANET, is a collection of mobile interconnected
nodes. In a MANET, the network topology can change unpredictably during data
transmissions. Every node in this kind of a network is responsible for discovering new routes
and for delivering messages. There are lots of applications for MANETs that range from small
and static low power networks to large and mobile communication systems. In this thesis we
are interested in large scale and dynamic examples of use of mobile ad hoc networks.
MANETs are often used in Wireless Sensor Networks. These wireless networks consist of
distributed autonomous nodes using sensors to monitor environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound or motion at different places. Sensor Networks are not part of this thesis.
The design of MANETs is more complex than the design of static ad hoc networks. MANETs
need more efficient and distributed algorithms for link scheduling and routing. The biggest
problem is the determination of usable paths in a decentralized environment where the
topology can change every minute. Factors such as inconsistent link quality, fading,
interference and topological changes make it hard to determine the shortest path from source
to destination. The network should have the ability to alter the routing paths in a flexible way.
Furthermore it is important to maintain latency, security and reliability in an emergency or
Page 3 of 10
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 841
public safety network. A defect in one of these requirements could reduce the system stability
of the network.
Mobile ad hoc networks can be used for intelligent transportation systems. This concept refers
to systems that add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure
and vehicles. The aim of these systems is to manage factors like shipment, routes, improve
safety, reduce transportation times and fuel consumption. Intelligent transportation systems
differ in technologies, they vary from basic management systems like car navigation, traffic
signal control, container management systems, variable message signs, and license plate
recognition to more complex applications that contain live data and feedback from other
sources. Examples of more advanced scenarios are parking guidance systems, information
systems of any kind, weather information and so on.
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF MANET
3.1 Autonomous behavior: In MANET, each node acts as both host and router. It means that
a node has ability of host and can also perform switching functions as router so endpoints and
switches are indistinguishable.
3.2 Multi-hop transmission: When a source node and destination node for a message is out
of the transmission range, the MANETs are capable of multi-hop transmission. When
delivering data packets from a source to its destination out of the direct wireless transmission
range, the packets have to be forwarded through one or more intermediate nodes.
3.3 Distributed nature of operation: As a centralized control is absent here, the control and
operation of the network is distributed among the nodes. The nodes should collaborate to
implement many functions mainly security and routing.
3.4 Dynamically changing topology: Due to mobile nodes, the change in topology is
frequent and dynamic in nature. The connectivity among the nodes may vary with time and
dynamically establish routing among them as they move about.
3.5 Inferior link capacity: The reliability, scalability, efficiency and capacity of wireless
links are often inferior when compared with wired links. One end to end path can be shared
by several sessions. The terminals communicate through which channel is subject to noise,
