Page 1 of 6
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 02
February 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 874
^^f'kokuh ds miU;klksa esa /keZ dk Lo:i**
MkWa- uwru fla/kq
O;k[;krk 1⁄4fgUnh1⁄2] jk0o0ek0 fo|ky;] d`’.k uxj
Hkkjrh; lekt esa /keZ dh egÙkk loksZifj gh ekuh xbZ gSa /keZ ds ekxZ ij pydj
gh euq";rk lgh vFkksZ esa QyhHkwr gksrh gS a/keZ ,d izdkj dh 'kSyh gS]
thou&O;ogkj dk vk/kkj gSA /keZ izcq) tuksa }kjk jfpr uSfrd fu;eksa dks ykxw
djus ds iz;Ru dk ,d uke gSA ;g ,d izdkj ls lkfRod thou ds fuokZg dk
ekxZ gSA euq"; ds thou dks ifo= ,oa {kksHkjfgr cuk;s tkus dh ;qfDr gS] ftls
viukdj ekuo thou lPpsa vFkksZ esa lkdkj gks mBrk gSA
/keZ gesa mfpr&vuqfpr ds foosd dh 'kfDr iznku djrk gSA lkekU; vFkksZ esa ge
/keZ dks O;fDrxr] ikfjokfjd] lkekftd ftEesnkfj;ksa dk fuoZgu rFkk fo'ks"k
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mfpr dÙkZO;&fuokZg Hkh dg ldrs gSaA
MkW- jk/kkd`".ku ds vuqlkj ^^lPpk /keZ ldkjkRed gksrk gS] udkjkRed ughaA
v'kqHk ,oa vlr ls dsoy cps jguk gh /keZ ugha gSA okLro esa 'kqHk ,oe~ lRdk;ksZ
dks djrs jguk gh /keZ gSA**1
vxj ns[kk tk;s rks /keZ ds ewy esa ;g ckr lkeus vkrh gS fd fofHkUu dkyksa esa
mHkjs yksduk;dksa us vius vuqHkoksa] fparu] dYiuk 'khyrk n`f"Vdks.kksa rFkk
fo'oklksa ds vk/kkj ij vius er LFkkfir fd;sA ;gh er dkykUrj esa n`<+
fo'oklksa esa ifj.kr gq,A ckn esa thou&'kSfy;ka cu x, lekt ds vf/kdrj yksxks
}kjk bldk vuqxeu fd;k tkus yxk vkSj blh rjg ,d fof'k"V /keZ ;k
lEiznk; LFkkfir gks x;k A
^^/keZ vuqHkwfr dh oLrq gSA leLr eu&izk.k dk fo'okl dh oLrq ds lkFk ,d gk s
tkuk & ;gh /keZ gSA**2 euqLe`fr esa /keZ ds nl y{k.k crk;s x, gSa &
^^/k`fr%{kek nekLrs;a 'kkSpfefUnz; fuxzg%A
/khfoZ|k lR;eØks/kksa n'kda /keZy{k.keAA**3
f'kokuh /keZ esa cgqr gh xgjh vkLFkk j[krh gSaA muds miU;klksa esa bUgha
/kkfeZd&fo'oklksa dk fuoZgu muds jps ik=ksa esa Li"Vr% fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA /keZ
viuk fo'ks"k Lo:i ysdj muds fopkjksa ds ek/;e ls muds lkfgR; esa vorfjr
gksrk gSA
Page 2 of 6
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 02
February 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 875
muds vuqlkj lHkh /keZ leku gS ;fn muesa ekuo&dY;k.k dh Hkkouk fufgr gSA
lqjaxek esa y{eh jkScksV ls fookg djds felst E;wjh curh gS] exj /keZ ifjorZu
ds fy, ml ij dksbZ ncko ugha fn;k x;kA og [kqn dh ethZ ls gh oSjksfudk d s
lkFk fxfjtk?kj tkus ds fy, lkFk gks ysrh Fkh & ^^ftl futZu fxfjtk?kj esa
fu;fr us mlds thou dks ,d rh[ks >Vds ls eksM+ fn;k Fkk] ogka dh vn~Hkwr
'kkafr esa Mwcdj og dqN {k.kksa ds fy, viuk vrhr] orZeku] Hkfo"; lc dqN Hkwy
tkrh FkhA**4
/kkfeZd fo'okl ds vuqlkj ijekRek dh yhyk dks dksbZ ugha tku ik;kA ;g
yhyk vxE; gS & ^^;g lp gS fd ek;koh l`f"VdÙkkZ dh yhyk ftruh vxE; gS]
mruh gh nq:g Hkh] ij eq>s ;g le; vkt vkSj Hkh vlgk; gksdj lkyus yxk
gS fd nSoh; iz'kklu jek nh ds fy, vkjEHk ls var rd tfVy gh cuk jgkA
Hkjh tokuh esa mUgsa oS/kO; us Jhghu gh ugha fd;k] nhu&ghu Hkh cuk fn;kA**5
^d`".kdyh* miU;kl esa n'kZu lEcU/kh dFku fdruh fo'oluh;rk fy, utj vkrk
gS & ^^ekuo dks dSlh viw.kZ 'kfDr iznku dh gS ml fljtugkj usA ekuo ;fn
fdlh ds izk.k ys ldrk gS rks fdlh dks thounku ns Hkh ldrk gSA**6
muds miU;klksa esa foiqy ek=k esa /kkfeZd deZ dk.M dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA
HkkX;okn deZQy] xzg] u{k=] tUe&iqutZUe] T;ksfr"k fopkj fo'ks"k :i l s
mYys[kuh; gSA mUgksusa /keZ dh egÙkk dks ijEijkvksa ds :i esa izfrikfnr fd;k
gSA
muds vuqlkj HkkX; dk cM+k egRo gSA ^d`".kdyh* dh ^iUuk* tks fd Øwj fu;fr
dk f'kdkj Fkh & ^^Øwj fu;fr us gh ml i<+h&fy[kh lEHkzkar dqy dh vkd"kZd
v/;kfidk dks ihyh dksBh esa iVd fn;k] ij tks ml dq.BkxzLr dqy dh
vkd"kZd v/;kfidk dks mlds fiNys thou us ugha fn;k] og mls ihyh&dksBh us
iy&Hkj esa ns fn;k Fkk] oSHko] ,d ls ,d nkeh lkfM+;ka] foykl dh ,slh&,slh
vyH; lkefxz;ka ftuds fo"k; esa mlus dHkh lquk gh ugh FkkA**7
^lqjaxek* esa ifr }kjk Nyh tkus ij fcUnq mls HkkX; dk [ksy ekudj larks"k dj
ysrh gS & ^^ij fo/kkrk us rks mldk Hkfo"; igys gh mlds yykV&iVy ij
fyficn~/k dj fn;k FkkA ml vfeV js[kk dks D;k og esV ldrh FkhA iwoZ
fu/kkZfjr ?kVuk,a Lo;a gh ,sls ?kVrh pyh xbZ Fkh fd og fu;fr ds rhoz izokg e sa
foo'k fruds lh cg xbZ FkhA vrhr ds thou esa ca/kh Mksj dks fo/kkrk us
ân;ghu fueZerk ls dkV fn;k FkkA**8
Page 3 of 6
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 02
February 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 876
euq"; }kjk fd;s x, deZ gh mlds HkkX; dk vk/kkj curs gSa] ;gh ekU;rk gS &
^^vU;k;h Fkk Lo;a mldk HkkX; vkSj vkt rd lalkj dk dkSu Qfj;knh ml
'kfDr'kkyh ds fo:) viuh Qfj;kn fy[k ik;k gSA**9
^dkfyanh* miU;kl esa Hkh crk;k x;k gS fd fu;fr ds vkxs lcdks ?kqVus Vsddj
ureLrd gksuk gh iM+rk gSA vUuk dh firk tc HkSjoh ls vUuk dh lxkbZ rFkk
fookg dh frfFk ds ckjs esa crkrs gSa rks HkSjoh dgrh gS fd ^^vk"kk<+s nqf[krk
ukjhA**10 blds fuokj.k dh ckr vkrh gS rks HkSjoh dgrs gS fd ^^gwa] og galh &
HkkX; esa tks fy[kk gksrk gS] mldk fuokj.k ugha gksrk js & rw tUe dqaMyh esa
fdrus nq"V xzgksa dks lk/k ik;k gS vc rdA**11
tUe&iqutZUe dks ysdj mudh /kkj.kk gS O;fDr ckj&ckj tUe y srk gS] mls vius
vPNs&cqjs deksZ dk Qy ,d tUe ls ysdj nwljs tUe esa Hkh Hkqxruk iM+rk gSA
^jfrfoyki* miU;kl esa djlu nkl viuh iq=o/kq dks visu fiNys tUe dh csVh
ekurs gSa rks vUuq vius firk ls dgrh gS & ^^vki dgrs gSa uk fd vUuq rqe esjs
iwoZtUe dh csVh gks rks le> fyft;s vkids iwoZtUe dh ,d ugha nks csfV;ka gSa
& vUuq vkSj ghjkA**12
ysf[kdk us Hkkjrh; lekt dh iqutZUe dh ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu cgqr gh jkspdrk
ds lkFk fd;k gS tks v{kjr% lR; gh izrhr gksrh gS & ^^psfVV~;kj dh ml csVh
dh rjg ftlds iqotZUe dh dgkuh ds dkj.k mls csVh ls gh gkFk /kksuk iM+kA
dgrh Fkh fd eSa yqf/k;ku ds fdlh ljnkj gjHktu flag dh chch gwaA yqf/k;kuk
dk og ipkl o"kZ dk ljnkj viuh iUnzg o"kZ dh iRuh dks ysus vk x;k FkkA
eSaus cki&csVh dks 'kj.k nsdj ;gka fNik;k Fkk vkSj iqfyl dh enn ls ljnkj dks
okil Hkstk FkkA ij D;k gqvk] yM+dh ,slk lkbdksykWftdy dsl cu xbZ Fkh fd
,d fnu Qk¡lh yxkdj vkRegR;k dj cSBhA**13
xzgksa dh vPNh pky ekuo dks lq[k&le`f) rFkk pSu iznku djrh gS] ogha dqfVy
pky thou dks rckg dj nsrh gSA ^jfr foyki* esa oSnsgh yanu ls ykSVh rks
^^Lons'k izR;korZu ds lkFk&lkFk dqfVy x zgksa dh n`f"V mls yhy y sxh mlus dHkh
,slk lkspk Hkh ugha FkkA firk dh vkdfLed e`R;q ds dqN gh efguksa ckn ek¡ dks
i{kk?kkr us iaxq cuk fn;k FkkA**14
gekjs 'kkL= esa dgk x;k gS fd vk/kku] tUe] fu/ku] iz[kj vkSj foIrdj u{k= e sa
tks O;kf/k mRiUu gksrh gS] og d"Vdj ;k e`R;qdj gksrh gS & ,d rks jfookj ml
