Page 1 of 7

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 02

February 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 410

Hkkjr ds jk"Vah; vkUnksyu e sa xka/kh th dh Hkwfedk

Rakesh Hooda

M.A. & NET (History)

V & P.O. Sanghi, District: Rohtak (HR.)

'kks/k vkys[k lkj& oLrqr% o"kZ 1920 ls 1947 bZ0 ds le; dks Hkkjrh; jk’Vah;

vkUnksyu ds bfrgkl esa xka/kh ;qx ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gSA pwafd xka/kh th yxHkx

20 o’kZ vÝhdk esa jgdj Hkkjr vk, Fks] blfy, mUgka sus lR;kxzg vkSj vfgalk ds

fl)kUrksa dk iz;ksx Hkkjrh; thou esa Hkh fd;kA xka/kh th us ges'kk lR; ,oa vfgalk

dk ekxZ viuk;k vkSj fgalk dk iqjtksj fojks/k fd;kA vf/kdka'k bfrgkldkj bl ckr

ls lger gSa fd 'kkafroknh fopkjdksa esa xka/kh th ds leku dksbZ vU; ugha gSA tc

xka/kh th Hkkjr okfil vk, rks ;gka ds jktuhfrd thou esa dkQh dfe;ka mtkxj gks

jgh FkhA Hkkjrh; turk ,d rjQ rks jktk&jtokM+ksa ds vU;k; dk f'kdkj Fkh vkSj

nwljh rjQ fczfV'k 'kklu o iz'kklu dh vU;k;iw.kZ uhfr;ksa ls tw> jgh FkhA xk a/kh th

dk o’kZ 1917 esa pEikj.k lR;kxzg ls Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa izos'k Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd

bfrgkl dh egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk ekuh tkrh gSA rRi'pkr~ xka/kh th us 1920 esa vlg;ksx

vkUnksyu] 1930 esa lfou; voKk vkUnksyu rFkk 1942 esa Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu

pykdj Hkkjrh; jk’Vah; vkUnksyu dks ubZ fn'kk nhA izLrqr 'kks/k i=- esa xka/kh th dh

Hkkjr ds jk’Vah; vkUnksyu esa Hkwfedk dk fo'ys’k.k blh vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA

ewy'kCn & ØkfUrdkjh] jk’Vah; vkUnksyu] pEikj.k lR;kxzg] pkSjk&pkSjh dk.M]

Lons'kh] lfou; voKk vkUnksyuA

Hkwfedk & Hkkjrh; jk’Vah; vkUnksyu esa xjeiaFkh o ujeiaFkh fopkj/kkjk dk viuk&

viuk egRo gSA pwafd 1857 dh Økafr ds ckn Hkkjr ds jk’Vah; thou esa /khjs&/khj s

xjeiaFkh fopkj/kkjk yksdfiz; gks jgh FkhA dkaxzsl esa Hkh 1907 esa oSpkfjd erHksn ds

Page 2 of 7

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 02

February 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 411

dkj.k foHkktu dh njkj iM+ xbZA vc o’kZ 1920 esa xka/kh th dk Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa

inki.kZ ujeiafFk;ksa ds fy, ,d ojnku FkkA oSls rks xka/kh th us nf{k.k vÝhdk dh

Hkwfe ij lR;kxzg o vfgalk ds dbZ i z;ksx fd, FksA ijUrq Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ka dqN

vyx rjg dh FkhA uhy dh d`f"k djus okys fdlkuksa dh fLFkfr n;uh; FkhA blfy,

muds gd esa xka/kh th us 1917 esa pEikj.k lR;kxzg djds viuh jktuhfrd mifLFkfr

dk vglkl djk fn;k FkkA ijUrq laxfBr :Ik ls xka/kh th dk jk’Vah; vkUnksyu esa

izFke iz;kl vlg;ksx vkUnksyu ds :Ik esa 1920 esa fn[kkbZ fn;kA

vlg;ksx vkUnksyu& bl vkUnksyu ls igys Hkkjr esa x`g 'kklu vkUnksyu ds dkj.k

dh xbZ ekUVsX;w ?kks’k.kk us vlg;ksx vkUnksyu dh tehu rS;kj dj nhA tc izFke

fo'o;q) lekIr gqvk rks Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa Hkh ,d u;k ;qx 'kq: gqvkA bls xka/kh

;qx dgk tkrk gS vkSj blds egku usrk Lo;a egkRek xka/kh FksA ftl le; xka/kh th

Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa vk, rks mudk fczfV'k ljdkj dh U;k;fiz;rk esa fo'okl FkkA

ysfdu i zFke fo'o;q) ds ckn xka/kh th dks vaxzstksa dh dwVuhfr le> esa vk xbZA

blfy, xka/kh th us fczfV'k ljdkj ds lkFk lg;ksx dh uhfr NksM+dj vlg;ksx dk

ekxZ xzg.k fd;kA vc xka/kh th lg;ksxh xka/kh ls vlg;ksxh xka/kh cu x, vkSj muds

fopkjksa esa tehu vkleku dk varj fn[kkbZ fn;kA o’kZ 1920 esa xka/kh th jk’Vah;

vkUnksyu ds lsukifr ds :i esa mHkjsA mUgksaus Hkkjrokfl;ksa esa jktuhfrd psruk iSnk

dh vkSj 1920 esa vlg;ksx vkUnksyu pykus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA tfy;kaokyk ckx

gR;kdkaM] jkSYksV ,DV] gaVj lfefr izfrosnu rFkk f[kykQr vkUnksyu dh i`’BHkwfe esa

mUgksaus dakxzsl dks viuh uhfr cnyus dk vkgoku fd;k vkSj 1920 bZ- ds dkaxzsl ds

dydÙkk vf/kos'ku esa xka/kh th }kjk vlg;ksx vkUnksyu dk izLrko j[kk x;kA bl

izLrko dks ykyk yktirjk; lfgr dqN ofj’B usrkvksa dks NksM+dj ckdh lHkh us

Page 3 of 7

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 02

February 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 412

cgqer ls Lohdkj dj fy;kA fnlEcj 1920 esa dkaxzsl ds ukxiqj vf/kos'ku esa ;g

izLrko iqu% Lohdkj fd;k x;kA

xka/kh th }kjk lapkfyr bl vkUnksyu dk izeq[k mís'; fczfV'k 'kklu ra= dk s

iw.kZ :Ik ls /oLr djuk FkkA blds fy, xka/kh th us jpukRed o fojks/kkRed i{k ls

bldk dk;ZØe fuf'pr fd;kA fu’ks/kkRed i{k dh n`f’V ls bl vkUnksyu esa ljdkjh

inksa o mikf/k;ksa dk R;kx] pqukoksa dk cfg’dkj] fons'kh eky dk cfg’dkj] ljdkjh

U;k;ky;ksa dk cfg’dkj] ljdkjh njckjksa o Lokxr lekjksgksa dk cfg’dkj] ljdkjh

f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dk cfg’dkj vkfn 'kkfey fd, x,A jpukRed i{k dh n`f’V ls

jk’Vah; f'k{kk iz.kkyh dh LFkkiuk] Lons'kh oLrqvksa dk izpkj] iapk;rh U;k;ky;ksa dh

LFkkiuk] pj[ks dk i z;ksx] vLi`';rk dk fuokj.k rFkk fgUnw&eqfLye ,drk dks l`n<

djuk blds dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA xka/kh th us viuh dslj&,&fgUn dh

mikf/k okfil djds vlg;ksx vkUnksyu dk lw=ikr fd;kA xka/kh th ds vkxzg ij

vU; usrkvksa us Hkh mikf/k;ksa o inksa dk R;kx fd;k vkSj Hkkjrh; f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa

izos'k ysus okys fo|kfFkZ;ks a dh la[;k esa dkQh c<ksrjh gqbZA txg&txg fons'kh oL=k sa

dh gksyh tykbZ xbZ vkSj Lons'k vkUnksyu dks cy feykA pquko esa Hkkjrh; ernkrk

er Mkyus Hkh ugha x,A tc ;g vkUnksyu vius pje fcUnq ij Fkk rks 5 Qjojh

1922 dks mÙkjizns'k esa xksj[kiqj ftys ds pkSjh&pkSjk uked LFkku ij mxz HkhM+ us ,d

iqfyl Fkkus esa vkx yxk nhA bl vfXudkaM esa 1 Fkkusnkj lfgr 21 flikgh ftUnk

ty x,A xka/kh th dkQh fopfyr gks x, vkSj 12 Qjojh 1922 bZ dks dkaxzsl

dk;Zlfefr dh cSBd cqykdj vlg;ksx vkUnksyu dks LFkfxr dj fn;kA xka/kh th ds

bl dne dh loZ= fuUnk dh xbZA blls xka/kh th dh yksdfiz;rk esa deh vkbZA